Home Water Filters

Home water filters remove impurities such as bacteria, chlorine and floride from water by means of a fine physical barrier, a chemical process or a biological process. There are various types of water filtration systems.

Point-of-use filters

Filters for home use include granular activated carbon filters (GAC) used for carbon filtering, metallic alloy filters, microporous ceramic filters, carbon block resin (CBR) and ultrafiltration membranes. Some filters use more than one filtration method. Jug filters can be used for small quantities of drinking water. Some kettles have built-in filters, primarily to reduce limescale buildup.

Portable water filters

Water filters are used by hikers, by aid organizations during humanitarian emergencies, and by the military. These filters are usually small, portable and light (1-2 pounds/0.5-1.0 kg or less), and usually filter water by working a mechanical hand pump, although some use a siphon drip system to force water through while others are built into water bottles. Dirty water is pumped via a screen-filtered flexible silicon tube through a specialized filter, ending up in a container. These filters work to remove bacteria, protozoa and microbial cysts that can cause disease. Filters may have fine meshes that must be replaced or cleaned, and ceramic water filters must have their outside abraded when they have become clogged with impurities.

These water filters should not be confused with devices or tablets that are water purifiers, some of which remove or kill viruses such as hepatitis A and rotavirus.

Homemade water filters

Water filters can be made on-site using local materials such as grass, charcoal (e.g. from burned firewood), and sand. These filters have been used by soldiers and outdoor enthusiasts. Due to their low cost they can be made and used by anyone, including the poor, who often do not have access to safe drinking water. Regrettably such filters do little if anything to mitigate against pathogens and other harmful constituents and can give a false sense of security that the water so produced is potable.